Les meilleurs tests orthopédiques du quadrant supérieur

15–23 minutes
meilleurs tests orthopédiques du membre supérieur

Nous l’avons vu dans l’article précédent, la place des tests orthopédiques en 2023 seuls 4% des tests cliniques ont une valeur suffisante que pour être utilisé seul[mfn] Chad E. Cook, Eric Hegedus. Orthopaedic Physical Examination Tests : An Evidence-Based Approach. Pearson Education Limited, 2011. [/mfn].

Nous allons donc voir ensemble les meilleurs tests orthopédiques ainsi que les meilleurs clusters pour plusieurs pathologies du quadrant supérieur.

Avant cela, pour bien comprendre les tableaux, je vous invite à consulter cet article[mfn] Timsit, E., Léguillette, R., White, B. J., Larson, R. L., & Buczinski, S. (2018). Likelihood ratios: an intuitive tool for incorporating diagnostic test results into decision-making. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 252(11), 1362–1366. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.252.11.1362 [/mfn][mfn] Pewsner, D., Battaglia, M., Minder, C., Marx, A., Bucher, H. C., & Egger, M. (2004). Ruling a diagnosis in or out with « SpPIn » and « SnNOut »: a note of caution. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 329(7459), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7459.209 [/mfn][mfn] Christe, G. (2017), Validité d’un test diagnostique: utilité clinique de la sensibilité, spécificité et rapports de vraisemblance, Mains Libres, 3, no. 117, 47–52. [/mfn][mfn] Simpkin, A. L., & Schwartzstein, R. M. (2016). Tolerating Uncertainty – The Next Medical Revolution?. The New England journal of medicine, 375(18), 1713–1715. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1606402 [/mfn].

Les cervicales

Radiculopathie cervicale

Il s’agit d’une compression et/ou d’une altération d’une racine nerveuse, le plus souvent d’un seul côté[mfn] Magnus, W., Viswanath, O., Viswanathan, V. K., & Mesfin, F. B. (2022). Cervical Radiculopathy. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. [/mfn].

5 tests vous permettent de l’envisager ou non, dont 1 cluster.

Un cluster de tests est un ensemble de tests orthopédiques (et/ou de signes cliniques) étudiés ensemble pour inclure ou exclure une pathologie.

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptifTest positif si
Test de Spurling[mfn] Anekstein, Y., Blecher, R., Smorgick, Y., & Mirovsky, Y. (2012). What is the Best Way to Apply the Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy? Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 470(9), 2566–2572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-012-2492-3 [/mfn] 
🎦 vidéo
Patient assis, extension et inclinaison homolatérale de la nuque, avec ou sans compression axialeReproduction des symptômes
Test de distraction[mfn] Abi-Aad, K. R., & Derian, A. (2021). Cervical Traction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470412/ [/mfn]
🎦 vidéo
Patient couché, traction axiale de la nuqueSoulagement des symptômes
ULNT-1[mfn] Grondin, F., Cook, C., Hall, T., Maillard, O., Perdrix, Y., & Freppel, S. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of upper limb neurodynamic tests in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 55, 102427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102427 [/mfn]Mise en tension du nerf médianReproduction des symptômes
Test d’ABD d’épaule[mfn] Thoomes, E. J., van Geest, S., van der Windt, D. A., Falla, D., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., Thoomes-de Graaf, M., Kuijper, B., Scholten-Peeters, W. G. M., & Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. (2018). Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.241 [/mfn]🎦 vidéo Patient assis, levé la main du bras atteint au-dessus de la têteSoulagement ou diminution des symptômes
Test de serrage du bras[mfn] Gumina, S., Carbone, S., Albino, P., Gurzi, M., & Postacchini, F. (2013). Arm Squeeze Test: A new clinical test to distinguish neck from shoulder pain. European Spine Journal, 22(7), 1558–1563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2788-3​ [/mfn]Compression du tiers moyen du brasAugmentation des symptômes
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour les radiculopathies cervicales

Cliquez ici pour les valeurs des tests

Nom du testSensibilitéSpécificitéLR+LR-But
Test de Spurling[mfn] Thoomes, E. J., van Geest, S., van der Windt, D. A., Falla, D., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., Thoomes-de Graaf, M., Kuijper, B., Scholten-Peeters, W. G. M., & Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. (2018). Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.241 [/mfn]65 %100 %8.930.03Inclure
Test de distraction[mfn] Thoomes, E. J., van Geest, S., van der Windt, D. A., Falla, D., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., Thoomes-de Graaf, M., Kuijper, B., Scholten-Peeters, W. G. M., & Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. (2018). Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.241 [/mfn]33 %97 %110.69Inclure
ULNT-1[mfn] Thoomes, E. J., van Geest, S., van der Windt, D. A., Falla, D., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., Thoomes-de Graaf, M., Kuijper, B., Scholten-Peeters, W. G. M., & Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. (2018). Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.241 [/mfn]83 %75 %3.100.04Exclure
Test d’abduction de l’épaule[mfn] Thoomes, E. J., van Geest, S., van der Windt, D. A., Falla, D., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., Thoomes-de Graaf, M., Kuijper, B., Scholten-Peeters, W. G. M., & Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. (2018). Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.241 [/mfn]85 %47 %3.030.63Exclure
Test de serrage du bras[mfn] Sleijser-Koehorst, M. L. S., Coppieters, M. W., Epping, R., Rooker, S., Verhagen, A. P., & Scholten-Peeters, G. G. M. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of patient interview items and clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy. Physiotherapy, 111, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.07.007 [/mfn]97 %97 %28.390.03Inclure et exclure

Il existe également le cluster de Wainner, composé des 3 premiers tests :

  1. Test de Spurling
  2. Test de distraction
  3. ULNT-1
  4. On ajoute à cela une rotation cervicale de moins de 60° du côté douloureux

Ce cluster est puissant, avec une spécificité de 99 % et un LR+ de 30.3, si les 4 tests sont positifs[mfn] Wainner, R. S., Fritz, J. M., Irrgang, J. J., Boninger, M. L., Delitto, A., & Allison, S. (2003). Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine, 28(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200301010-00014 [/mfn].

Facettes articulaires

Elles seraient la source de douleur dans 36 à 67 % des patients ayant des douleurs cervicales chronique, aussi bien en unilatérale que bilatérale[mfn] Usunier, K., Hynes, M., Schuster, J. M., Cornelio-Jin Suen, A., Sadi, J., & Walton, D. (2018). Clinical Diagnostic Tests versus Medial Branch Blocks for Adults with Persisting Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 70(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2016-89.mt [/mfn].

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptif    Test positif si
Test de palpation segmentaire[mfn] Usunier, K., Hynes, M., Schuster, J. M., Cornelio-Jin Suen, A., Sadi, J., & Walton, D. (2018). Clinical Diagnostic Tests versus Medial Branch Blocks for Adults with Persisting Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 70(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2016-89.mt [/mfn][mfn] Schneider, G. M., Jull, G., Thomas, K., Smith, A., Emery, C., Faris, P., Cook, C., Frizzell, B., & Salo, P. (2014). Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.026 [/mfn] 
🎦 vidéo
Patient sur le ventre, le thérapeute palpe les muscles segmentairesAugmentation de la douleur > 3/10
Examen manuel de la colonne cervicale[mfn] Usunier, K., Hynes, M., Schuster, J. M., Cornelio-Jin Suen, A., Sadi, J., & Walton, D. (2018). Clinical Diagnostic Tests versus Medial Branch Blocks for Adults with Persisting Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 70(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2016-89.mt [/mfn][mfn] Schneider, G. M., Jull, G., Thomas, K., Smith, A., Emery, C., Faris, P., Cook, C., Frizzell, B., & Salo, P. (2014). Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.026 [/mfn] 🎦 vidéoPatient sur le ventre, le thérapeute réalise des PAivms en direction postéro-antérieur.Augmentation de la douleur
Test d’extension-rotation[mfn] Usunier, K., Hynes, M., Schuster, J. M., Cornelio-Jin Suen, A., Sadi, J., & Walton, D. (2018). Clinical Diagnostic Tests versus Medial Branch Blocks for Adults with Persisting Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 70(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2016-89.mt [/mfn][mfn] Schneider, G. M., Jull, G., Thomas, K., Smith, A., Emery, C., Faris, P., Cook, C., Frizzell, B., & Salo, P. (2014). Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.026 [/mfn]
🎦 vidéo
Le patient amène activement sa tête en extension, le thérapeute ajoute des rotations.Augmentation de la douleur > 3/10
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour les facettes articulaires

Cliquez ici pour les valeurs des tests

Nom du testSensibilitéSpécificitéLR+LR-But
Palpation segmentaire + Extension-rotation[mfn] Schneider, G. M., Jull, G., Thomas, K., Smith, A., Emery, C., Faris, P., Cook, C., Frizzell, B., & Salo, P. (2014). Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.026 [/mfn]89 %84 %5.560.13Inclure et exclure
Examen manuel + Extension rotation[mfn] Schneider, G. M., Jull, G., Thomas, K., Smith, A., Emery, C., Faris, P., Cook, C., Frizzell, B., & Salo, P. (2014). Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.02.026 [/mfn]87 %82 %4.830.15Inclure et exclure

L’épaule

L’instabilité d’épaule toucherait 0,08/1000 personne dans la population générale[mfn] Galvin, J. W., Ernat, J. J., Waterman, B. R., Stadecker, M. J., & Parada, S. A. (2017). The Epidemiology and Natural History of Anterior Shoulder Instability. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 10(4), 411–424. https://doi-org.proxy.bib.ucl.ac.be:2443/10.1007/s12178-017-9432-5​ [/mfn].

Elle peut être de 3 types :

  1. Antérieure, avec une incidence de 70 % des cas
  2. Postérieure, avec une incidence de 14 % des cas
  3. Multidirectionnelle, avec une incidence de 10 % des cas[mfn] Chalmers, P. N., Uffman, W., Christensen, G., Greis, P., Aoki, S., Nelson, R., Yoo, M., & Tashjian, R. Z. (2020). A single-institution analysis of factors affecting costs in the arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability. JSES international, 4(2), 297–301. https://doi-org.proxy.bib.ucl.ac.be:2443/10.1016/j.jseint.2020.01.006​ [/mfn]

L’instabilité antérieure

On retrouve 3 tests, dont les 2 premiers suffisent largement.

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptifPositif si …
Test d’appréhension antérieure[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn] 
🎦 vidéo
Patient sur le dos, le thérapeute amène son bras à 90° d’abduction, en rotation externe maximale, et peut antérioriser la tête huméraleLe patient décrit une appréhension de luxation antérieure​

 ⚠️ Une douleur n’est pas spécifique donc pas positif
Test de relocation de Jobe[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn]Même test que le précédent, mais le thérapeute va postérioriser la tête huméraleLa manœuvre soulage l’appréhension du patient
Test de surprise[mfn] Lizzio, V. A., Meta, F., Fidai, M., & Makhni, E. C. (2017). Clinical Evaluation and Physical Exam Findings in Patients with Anterior Shoulder Instability. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 10(4), 434–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-017-9434-3​ [/mfn]Même test que le précédent, mais le thérapeute va relâcher d’un coup la postériorisationL’appréhension réapparait​ ​
⚠️ Irritabilité du patient
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour l’instabilité antérieure

Cliquez ici pour les valeurs des tests

Nom du testSensibilitéSpécificitéLR+LR-But
Test d’appréhension antérieure[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn]66 %95 %13.20.36Inclure
Test de relocation de Jobe[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn]65 %90 %6.50.39Inclure
Test de surprise[mfn] Lizzio, V. A., Meta, F., Fidai, M., & Makhni, E. C. (2017). Clinical Evaluation and Physical Exam Findings in Patients with Anterior Shoulder Instability. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 10(4), 434–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-017-9434-3​ [/mfn]89 %88 %8.30.09Inclure et exclure

Les 2 premiers tests constituent un cluster puissant, avec une sensibilité de 81 % et une spécificité de 98 %[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn].

Bien que le test de surprise possède de belles valeurs, il ne devrait pas être utilisé étant donné la douleur potentielle, la peur provoquée et le risque de luxation engendré par la manœuvre.

L’instabilité postérieure

On retrouve à nouveau 3 tests.

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptifPositif si
Jerk test[mfn] Kim, S. H., Park, J. C., Park, J. S., & Oh, I. (2004). Painful jerk test: a predictor of success in nonoperative treatment of posteroinferior instability of the shoulder. The American journal of sports medicine, 32(8), 1849–1855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504265263​ [/mfn] 🎦 vidéoLe patient est assis, l’épaule à 90° d’abduction et en rotation médiale. On applique une force axiale du coude vers la tête humérale et on amène le bras en adduction horizontale.Le patient décrit une appréhension de luxation postérieure​.
Kim test[mfn] Kim, S. H., Park, J. S., Jeong, W. K., & Shin, S. K. (2005). The Kim test: a novel test for posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder–a comparison to the jerk test. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(8), 1188–1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504272687​ [/mfn]
🎦 vidéo
Le patient est assis, l’épaule à 90° d’abduction​ On applique une compression axiale vers la tête humérale​, puis on amène le bras vers une élévation antérieure de 45°.selon Clavert, P. (2014Le patient ressent une douleur vive, avec ou sans ressaut.
Test d’appréhension postérieure[mfn] Jia, X., Petersen, S. A., Khosravi, A. H., Almareddi, V., Pannirselvam, V., & McFarland, E. G. (2009). Examination of the shoulder: the past, the present, and the future. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 91 Suppl 6, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00534​ [/mfn]🎦 vidéo Le patient est sur le dos, l’épaule à 90° de flexion avec le coude fléchit. On applique une force de compression vers la tête humérale, bras en rotation interne maximale et on amène en add horizontale.Le patient décrit une appréhension de luxation postérieure.
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour l’instabilité postérieure

Cliquez ici pour les valeurs des tests

Nom du testSensibilitéSpécificitéLR+LR-But
Jerk test[mfn] Kim, S. H., Park, J. C., Park, J. S., & Oh, I. (2004). Painful jerk test: a predictor of success in nonoperative treatment of posteroinferior instability of the shoulder. The American journal of sports medicine, 32(8), 1849–1855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504265263​ [/mfn]73 %98 %//Inclure
Kim test[mfn] Kim, S. H., Park, J. S., Jeong, W. K., & Shin, S. K. (2005). The Kim test: a novel test for posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder–a comparison to the jerk test. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(8), 1188–1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504272687​ [/mfn]80 %94 %//Inclure
Test d’appréhension postérieure[mfn] Jia, X., Petersen, S. A., Khosravi, A. H., Almareddi, V., Pannirselvam, V., & McFarland, E. G. (2009). Examination of the shoulder: the past, the present, and the future. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 91 Suppl 6, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00534​ [/mfn]19 %99 %190.82Inclure

L’instabilité multidirectionnelle

Il existe 3 tests qui composent un cluster.

/!\ Attention : il n’y a pas de données concernant les valeurs du premier test, et le cluster repose uniquement sur une opinion d’expert et sur le fait que le LR+ des 2 autres tests sont élevés[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Michener, L. A., & Seitz, A. L. (2020). Three Key Findings When Diagnosing Shoulder Multidirectional Instability: Patient Report of Instability, Hypermobility, and Specific Shoulder Tests. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 50(2), 52–54. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2020.0602​ [/mfn].

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptifPositif si …
Test d’hyperabduction de Gagey[mfn] Gagey, O. J., & Gagey, N. (2001). The hyperabduction test. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 83(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.83b1.10628 [/mfn] Le patient est assis, son coude est fléchit à 90° en position neutre de rotation​, on bloquer la scapulo-thoracique et on amène le bras en abductionL’abduction est supérieure à 105°.
Test d’appréhension antérieure[mfn] Hegedus, E. J., Goode, A. P., Cook, C. E., Michener, L., Myer, C. A., Myer, D. M., & Wright, A. A. (2012). Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 964–978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091066 [/mfn]
 
Patient sur le dos, le thérapeute amène son bras à 90° d’abduction, en rotation externe maximale, et peut antérioriser la tête huméraleLe patient décrit une appréhension de luxation antérieure.    

⚠️ Une douleur n’est pas spécifique donc pas positif
Test d’appréhension postérieure[mfn] Jia, X., Petersen, S. A., Khosravi, A. H., Almareddi, V., Pannirselvam, V., & McFarland, E. G. (2009). Examination of the shoulder: the past, the present, and the future. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 91 Suppl 6, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00534​ [/mfn] Le patient est sur le dos, l’épaule à 90° de flexion avec le coude fléchit. On applique une force de compression vers la tête humérale, bras en rotation interne maximale et on amène en add horizontale.Le patient décrit une appréhension de luxation postérieure.
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour l’instabilité multidirectionelle

Le coude

L’épicondylalgie latérale du coude

Connue sous bien d’autres noms, c’est une tendinopathie des muscles extenseurs du poignet, avec plus souvent une atteinte du tendon du court extenseur radial du carpe. 25

4 tests sont décrits :

Nom du testIllustrationDescriptifPositif si
Test de Cozen[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]L’avant-bras du patient est en pronation sur la table, avec une déviation radiale, le poing fermé. Le kiné fixe le coude en palpant l’épicondyle latéral, met une résistance sur la face dorsale de la main du patient qui réalise une extension du poignet.Reproduction de la douleur du patient.
Test de Maudsley[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]L’avant-bras du patient est en pronation, le thérapeute fixe le coude en palpant l’épicondyle latérale, met une résistance sur la phalange distale du majeur, le patient fait une extension du majeur. ​Reproduction de la douleur du patient.
Test de Mill[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]Le bras du patient est fléchi et en pronation. Le thérapeute fixe le coude en palpant l’épicondyle latérale, fléchit le poignet et amène le coude passivement en extension maximale.Reproduction de la douleur du patient.
Test de force de préhension[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]Le patient est assis, coude au corps fléchit à 90°, l’avant-bras en position neutre. Celui-ci doit serrer le dynamomètre le plus fort possible, d’abord avec le coude en flexion, ensuite en extension.Diminution de la force de préhension.
Meilleurs tests orthopédiques pour L’épicondylalgie latérale du coude

Cliquez ici pour les valeurs des tests

Nom du testSensibilitéSpécificitéLR+LR-But
Test de Cozen[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]84 %00.84/Exclure
Test de Maudsley[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]88 %00.88/Exclure
Test de Mill[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]53 %100 %/0.47Inclure
Test de force de préhension[mfn] Saroja, G., Aseer P, A. L., & P M, V. S. (2014). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PROVOCATIVE TESTS IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2(6), 815‑823. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2014.699 [/mfn][mfn] Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence ? A systematic literature review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(19), 1253‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 [/mfn]78-83 %80-90 %4.2-7.70.21-0.24Inclure

Pour conclure

Gardez à l’esprit que les données peuvent changer selon les auteurs : les valeurs peuvent varier selon la population, l’interprétation du test…

Bien que ces tests ont de bonnes valeurs, ils font partie d’un continuum que sont votre anamnèse et votre examen physique.

Il existe d’autres bons tests pour d’autres pathologies, la liste n’est pas exhaustive.

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